Biology Mnemonics Playlist

1.Mnemonic: Pro seventy, Eu eighty. Prokaryotic ribosomes are seventy S, eukaryotic ribosomes are eighty S.

2.Careful: the Svedberg S unit is not additive — fifty S plus thirty S equals seventy S, not eighty, because S depends on shape and mass non-linearly. This is a high-frequency trap.

3.Mnemonic: Glucose, fructose, and galactose share the exact same molecular formula C-six H-twelve O-six but differ in structure — they are structural isomers.

4.The classic exam question is: which of the following is NOT a hexose? The answer is usually ribose, which is a pentose.

5.Mnemonic: Proteins carry N and S — nitrogen in the amino group and sulfur in amino acids like cysteine and methionine. Nucleic acids carry N and P — nitrogen in the bases and phosphorus in the phosphate backbone.

6.Common question: which molecules contain phosphorus? Answer: nucleic acids and phospholipids.

7.Mnemonic for light reactions: split water, make energy. Photosystems split water to release oxygen and produce ATP and NADPH.

8.Mnemonic for plant vascular transport: xylem equals water up, phloem equals sugar both ways. Xylem carries water upward via transpiration pull; phloem carries sugars in both directions from source to sink.

9.Five plant hormones, five verbs: Auxin stretches and bends, Gibberellin makes tall and wakes, Cytokinin divides and anti-ages, Ethylene ripens and withers, Abscisic acid rests and shuts.

10.Mnemonic for brain regions: Medulla controls life — heartbeat and breathing. Hypothalamus controls stability — homeostasis. Thalamus controls relay — sensory relay to cortex. Hippocampus controls memory — short to long term consolidation.

11.Mnemonic: Insulin starts with "in" — it lets glucose INTO cells, lowering blood glucose. Glucagon sounds like "glucose gone" — it releases stored glucose, raising blood glucose.

12.Mnemonic: r stands for rapid reproduction — many offspring, low survival; think insects, weeds. K stands for carrying capacity — few offspring, high parental care; think elephants, humans.

13.Mnemonic: Amensalism equals A-men stepping on ants — the person is unaffected, the ant is harmed. Relation is zero minus. Compare with commensalism where A benefits and B is unaffected, relation plus zero.

14.Mnemonic HIPPO spells out the five major threats to biodiversity: H for habitat destruction, I for invasive species, first P for pollution, second P for human population growth, O for overexploitation.

15.Habitat destruction is the number one threat globally. This mnemonic is used by conservation biologists worldwide.

16.Mnemonic: Proto means first — in protostomes, the blastopore first becomes the mouth. Deutero means second — in deuterostomes, the blastopore first becomes the anus, and the mouth forms later. Humans are deuterostomes, meaning your anus developed before your mouth during early embryogenesis.